{"id":197,"date":"2016-08-01T14:39:48","date_gmt":"2016-08-01T14:39:48","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2016-08-01T14:39:48","modified_gmt":"2016-08-01T14:39:48","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/weizn.net\/?p=197","title":{"rendered":"[\u8f6c]Python\u4f7f\u7528struct\u5904\u7406\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\thttp:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/gala\/archive\/2011\/09\/22\/2184801.html
\n<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u7528python\u5904\u7406\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5b58\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0csocket\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6.\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528python\u7684struct\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b8c\u6210.\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 struct\u6765\u5904\u7406c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53.<\/span>

\n <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tstruct\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662fpack(), unpack(), calcsize()<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tpack(fmt, v1, v2, …)     \u6309\u7167\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f(fmt)\uff0c\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32(\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ec\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tunpack(fmt, string)       \u6309\u7167\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f(fmt)\u89e3\u6790\u5b57\u8282\u6d41string\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u6765\u7684tuple<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tcalcsize(fmt)                 \u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f(fmt)\u5360\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5b58<\/span>

\n <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tstruct\u4e2d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\t\t\t\tFormat<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n\n\t\t\t\tC Type<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n\n\t\t\t\tPython<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n\n\t\t\t\t\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\n\t\t\t\tx<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tpad byte<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tno value<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tc<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tchar<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tstring of length 1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tb<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tsigned<\/span> <\/span>char<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tinteger<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tB<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tunsigned<\/span> <\/span>char<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tinteger<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t?<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t_Bool<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tbool<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\th<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tshort<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tinteger<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t2<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tH<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tunsigned<\/span> <\/span>short<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tinteger<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t2<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\ti<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tint<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tinteger<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t4<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tI<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tunsigned<\/span> <\/span>int<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tinteger or long<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t4<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tl<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tlong<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tinteger<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t4<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tL<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tunsigned<\/span> <\/span>long<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tlong<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t4<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tq<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tlong<\/span> <\/span>long<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tlong<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t8<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tQ<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tunsigned<\/span> <\/span>long<\/span> <\/span>long<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tlong<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t8<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tf<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tfloat<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tfloat<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t4<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\td<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tdouble<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tfloat<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t8<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\ts<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tchar[]<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tstring<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tp<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tchar[]<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tstring<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tP<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tvoid<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tlong<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\t\u6ce81.q\u548cQ\u53ea\u5728\u673a\u5668\u652f\u630164\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u6709\u610f\u601d<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6ce82.\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5f0f\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e2a\u6570<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6ce83.s\u683c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c4s\u8868\u793a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a4\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46\u662fp\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662fpascal\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6ce84.P\u7528\u6765\u8f6c\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b57\u957f\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6ce85.\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u53604\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282<\/span>

\n <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e3a\u4e86\u540cc\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6709\u7684c\u6216c++\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ee54\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u768432\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6545\u800cstruct\u6839\u636e\u672c\u5730\u673a\u5668\u5b57\u8282\u987a\u5e8f\u8f6c\u6362.\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f.\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\t\t\t\tCharacter<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n\n\t\t\t\tByte order<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n\n\t\t\t\tSize and alignment<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\n\t\t\t\t@<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tnative<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tnative            \u51d1\u591f4\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t=<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tnative<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tstandard        \u6309\u539f\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t<<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tlittle-endian<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tstandard        \u6309\u539f\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t><\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tbig-endian<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tstandard       \u6309\u539f\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t!<\/span><\/tt>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tnetwork (= big-endian)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tstandard       \u6309\u539f\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\t\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u653e\u5728fmt\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf’@5s6sif’<\/span>

\n <\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tstruct Header<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t{<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t    unsigned short id;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t    char[4] tag;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t    unsigned int version;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t    unsigned int count;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t}<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u901a\u8fc7socket.recv\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u4e2d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528unpack()\u51fd\u6570.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\timport struct<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tid, tag, version, count = struct.unpack(“!H4s2I”, s)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c!\u8868\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5b83\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u987a\u5e8f\u7684.\u540e\u9762\u7684H\u8868\u793a \u4e00\u4e2aunsigned short\u7684id,4s\u8868\u793a4\u5b57\u8282\u957f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c2I\u8868\u793a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aunsigned int\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e.<\/span>

\n

\n

\n\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2aunpack\uff0c\u73b0\u5728id, tag, version, count\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fdd\u5b58\u597d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e86.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u628a\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u518dpack\u6210struct\u683c\u5f0f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tss = struct.pack(“!H4s2I”, id, tag, version, count);<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tpack\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u628aid, tag, version, count\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53Header\uff0css\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32(\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ec\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 socket.send(ss)\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t

\n\u793a\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\timport struct<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\ta=12.34<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t#\u5c06a\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tbytes=struct.pack(‘i’,a)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6b64\u65f6bytes\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2astring\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u540ca\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b58\u50a8\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t

\n\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u73b0\u6709\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636ebytes\uff0c\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8f6c\u6362\u6210python\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\ta,=struct.unpack(‘i’,bytes)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cunpack\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662ftuple<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tbytes=struct.pack(‘i’,a)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u89e3\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u6837<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\ta,=struct.unpack(‘i’,bytes) \u6216\u8005 (a,)=struct.unpack(‘i’,bytes)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528a=struct.unpack(‘i’,bytes)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 a=(12.34,) \uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2atuple\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u4e86\u3002<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t

\n\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\ta=’hello’<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tb=’world!’<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tc=2<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\td=45.123<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tbytes=struct.pack(‘5s6sif’,a,b,c,d)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6b64\u65f6\u7684bytes\u5c31\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6bd4\u5982 binfile.write(bytes)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\uff0cbytes=binfile.read()<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

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http:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/gala\/archive\/2011\/09\/22\/2184801.html
<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/span><\/p>\n

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